Mbiri ya Zikumbu: Zilombo mu Shrimp ndi Matanki a Nsomba

Zikumbu, za m'banja la Dytiscidae, ndi tizilombo tochititsa chidwi ta m'madzi timene timadziŵika chifukwa cha nyama zolusa komanso zodya nyama.Alenje obadwa mwachilengedwewa amakhala ndi masinthidwe apadera omwe amawapangitsa kukhala ogwira mtima kwambiri kugwira ndi kudya nyama zawo ngakhale zitakhala zazikulu kuposa iwo.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake kupezeka kwawo m'madzi am'madzi, makamaka omwe amakhala ndi nsomba zazing'ono ndi shrimp, kumatha ndipo kungayambitse mavuto akulu.

M'nkhaniyi, ndifufuza za maonekedwe a thupi, zomwe amakonda kudya, moyo wake, komanso zofunikira za malo a Diving kafadala ndi mphutsi zawo.Ndiwonetsanso zoopsa zomwe zingatheke komanso malingaliro okhudzana ndi kusunga kafadala m'madzi am'madzi, makamaka pamene angawononge thanzi la nsomba zazing'ono ndi shrimp.

Etymology ya Dytiscidae
Dzina la banja lakuti “Dytiscidae” lachokera ku liwu Lachigiriki lakuti “dytikos,” limene limatanthauza “kutha kusambira” kapena “zokhudza kudumpha m’madzi.”Dzina limeneli limasonyeza bwino mmene tizilombo timene timakhalira m’madzi ndi luso losambira la kafadala a m’banja limeneli.

Dzina lakuti "Dytiscidae" linapangidwa ndi katswiri wa entomologist wa ku France Pierre André Latreille mu 1802 pamene adakhazikitsa gulu la mabanja.Latreille amadziŵika chifukwa cha zopereka zake zazikulu pa nkhani ya entomology ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa taxonomy yamakono.

Ponena za dzina lawo lodziwika bwino "Diving kafadala", dzinali adalipeza chifukwa cha luso lawo lapadera lothawira ndi kusambira m'madzi.

Mbiri Yachisinthiko ya Zikumbu
Zikumbu zodumphira m'madzi zidayamba munthawi ya Mesozoic (zaka pafupifupi 252.2 miliyoni zapitazo).

M'kupita kwa nthawi, akhala akusiyana, zomwe zachititsa kuti mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo ikhale ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana, kukula kwake, ndi zokonda zachilengedwe.

Chisinthikochi chapangitsa kuti tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tizikhala m'malo osiyanasiyana amadzi amchere padziko lonse lapansi ndikukhala zilombo zopambana zam'madzi.

Taxonomy of Diving Beetles
Chiŵerengero chenicheni cha zamoyo zimenezi chikufufuzidwa mosalekeza chifukwa chakuti mitundu yatsopano ya zamoyo ikupezedwa mosalekeza ndi malipoti.

Pakalipano, padziko lonse lapansi panali mitundu pafupifupi 4,200 ya Diving kafadala.

Kugawa ndi Malo a Zikumbu
Zikumbu zodulira m'madzi zimakhala zofala kwambiri.Kwenikweni, kachilomboka kamapezeka m'maiko onse kupatula Antarctica.

Zikumbu zam'madzi nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'madzi omwe ali osasunthika (monga nyanja, madambo, maiwe, kapena mitsinje yoyenda pang'onopang'ono), amakonda madzi akuya okhala ndi zomera zambiri komanso nyama zambiri zomwe zingawapatse chakudya chokwanira.

Kufotokozera za Diving Beetles
Matupi a Diving kafadala amatengera moyo wawo wam'madzi komanso momwe amadyera.

Maonekedwe a Thupi: Kakumbuyo amakhala ndi thupi lalitali, lathyathyathya, komanso hydrodynamic, zomwe zimawalola kuyenda bwino m'madzi.
Kukula: Kukula kwa kafadala kumasiyana malinga ndi mitundu.Mitundu ina ikuluikulu imatha kutalika masentimita 4.
Mitundu: Zikumbu zodumphira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakuda kapena zofiirira mpaka zobiriwira kapena zamkuwa.Mitunduyi imawathandiza kuti agwirizane ndi malo awo am'madzi.
Mutu: Mutu wa chikumbu wodumphira pansi ndi wawukulu komanso wotukuka bwino.Maso nthawi zambiri amakhala owoneka bwino ndipo amawona bwino pamwamba ndi pansi pamadzi.Amakhalanso ndi tinyanga zazitali, zowonda, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagawikana, zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito pamalingaliro amalingaliro (amazindikira kugwedezeka m'madzi).
Mapiko: Zikumbu zodumphira zili ndi mapiko awiri.Zikumbuzi zikamasambira, mapiko ake amakhala atapindana ndi matupi awo.Amatha kuthawa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mapiko awo kuti abalalikire ndikupeza malo atsopano.
Mapiko akutsogolowo amawasintha n’kukhala zofunda zolimba, zoteteza zomwe zimatchedwa elytra, zomwe zimathandiza kuteteza mapiko a m’mbuyo komanso thupi lawo pamene chikumbu sichikuuluka.Nthawi zambiri mbalamezi zimakhala ndi mikwingwirima kapena mikwingwirima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kakumbuyo azioneka bwino.

Miyendo: Zikumbu zodumphira zili ndi miyendo 6.Miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yapakati imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulanda nyama ndikuyenda m'malo awo.Miyendo yakumbuyo imasinthidwa kukhala yophwanyika, ngati mapalasi omwe amadziwika kuti ngati miyendo yopalasa kapena yosambira.Miyendo imeneyi imakhala ndi ubweya kapena zingwe zomwe zimathandiza kuti chikumbu chidutse m'madzi mosavuta.
Chikumbuchi chimasambira mothamanga kwambiri moti chimatha kupikisana ndi nsomba.

Mimba: Mimba ya kachilomboka imatalika ndipo nthawi zambiri imalowera kumbuyo.Zili ndi zigawo zingapo ndipo zimakhala ndi ziwalo zofunika kwambiri monga kugaya, kubereka, ndi kupuma.
Mapangidwe Opumira.Zikumbu zodulira pansi zimakhala ndi timizere tambirimbiri tomwe timakhala ndi timipata tating'ono tating'ono pamimba.Mapiritsiwa amawalola kuti atenge mpweya wa okosijeni mumlengalenga, umene amausunga pansi pa elytra yawo ndi kuugwiritsa ntchito popuma akamizidwa m’madzi.
Mbiri ya Zikumbu - Zilombo mu Shrimp ndi Matanki a Nsomba - Kapangidwe Kopumira Asanadumphire pansi pamadzi, kachilomboka kamawombera pansi pamadzi.Kuwira kwa mpweya kumeneku kumagwira ntchito ngati chipangizo cha hydrostatic komanso mpweya wochepera, womwe umawalola kuti azikhala pansi pamadzi kwa mphindi 10 - 15.
Pambuyo pake, amatambasula miyendo yawo yakumbuyo kuti athyole kukwera kwamadzi, kutulutsa mpweya wotsekeka ndikupeza kuwira kwatsopano kuti adumphenso.

Moyo Wozungulira wa Vikumbu
Kayendetsedwe ka moyo wa kafadala amadzimadzi ali ndi magawo anayi: dzira, larva, pupa, wamkulu.

1. Gawo la Mazira: Tikamakwerana, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timaikira mazira pa zomera za m'madzi kapena pafupi ndi zomera za m'madzi, zinyalala zomira m'madzi, kapena m'nthaka pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa madzi.

Kutengera mitundu ndi chilengedwe, nthawi yoyatsira nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku 7-30.

2. Larval Stage: Mazirawo akaswa, mphutsi zodumphira zimatuluka.Mphutsi zimakhala za m'madzi ndipo zimakula m'madzi.

Mbiri ya Zikumbu - Zilombo mu Shrimp ndi Matanki a Nsomba - Kambuku Kudumphira Larvae Mphutsi zachikumbu nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa "Akambuku a m'madzi" chifukwa cha maonekedwe awo owopsa komanso zolusa.

Ali ndi matupi otalikirana kwambiri.Mutu wathyathyathya uli ndi maso ang'onoang'ono asanu ndi limodzi mbali iliyonse ndi nsagwada ziwiri zazikulu modabwitsa mbali iliyonse.Mofanana ndi kachikumbu, mphutsi imapuma mpweya wa mumlengalenga mwa kutulutsa mbali yakumbuyo ya thupi lake kuchoka m’madzi.

Maonekedwe a larva amafanana bwino ndi maonekedwe ake: chikhumbo chake chokha m'moyo ndicho kugwira ndi kudya nyama zambiri momwe zingathere.

Mphutsizi zimasaka ndikudya zamoyo zing'onozing'ono za m'madzi, zimakula ndi kusungunula kangapo pamene zikudutsa m'magawo osiyanasiyana.Gawo la mphutsi limatha kwa milungu ingapo mpaka miyezi ingapo, malingana ndi zamoyo ndi chilengedwe.

3. Gawo la Pupa: Mphutsi ikakula, imatulukira pamtunda, n’kudzikwirira, ndi kuyamba kubereka.

Panthawi imeneyi, mphutsi zimasintha kukhala mawonekedwe akuluakulu mkati mwa chipinda chotetezera chotchedwa pupal chamber.

Gawo la pupal nthawi zambiri limatenga masiku angapo mpaka masabata angapo.

4. Gawo la Akuluakulu: Pamene kusintha kwasintha, kachikumbu wamkulu amatuluka m'chipinda cha pupal ndikukwera pamwamba pa madzi.

Panthawi imeneyi, ali ndi mapiko okhwima mokwanira ndipo amatha kuthawa.Akuluakulu akudumpha kafadala ndi okhwima pogonana ndipo okonzeka kubereka.

Zikumbu zodumphira m'madzi sizitengedwa ngati tizilombo.Sawonetsa makhalidwe ovutawa omwe amawonedwa m'magulu ena a tizilombo, monga nyerere kapena njuchi.M'malo mwake, tizilombo tomwe timathawira m'madzi timakhala tokha, timaganizira kwambiri za moyo wawo ndi kubereka kwawo.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa kafadala kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi zamoyo ndi chilengedwe ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala zaka 1 - 4.
Kubalana kwa Diving Beetles
Mbiri ya Zikumbu Zothawira M'madzi- Zilombo Zokwera pa Shrimp ndi Matanki a NsombaMakhalidwe okwerera ndi njira zoberekera zimasiyana pang'ono pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kafadala, koma zonse zimatengera izi:

1. Kukhala pachibwenzi: M’kambumbulu zodumphira m’madzi, makhalidwe a pachibwenzi nthawi zambiri samakhalapo.

2. Kutsatizana: M'kakumbuyo kambiri, amuna amakhala ndi zida zapadera zogwirira (makapu oyamwa) pamiyendo yawo yakutsogolo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumata kumbuyo kwa zazikazi pokwerana.

Mfundo yochititsa chidwi: Nthaŵi zina amuna amatha kulakalaka kwambiri kukwatiwa ndi akazi, moti akazi amatha kufa chifukwa chakuti amuna amakhala pamwamba ndipo amatha kupeza mpweya wabwino pamene akazi alibe.

3. Kubereketsa.Mwamuna amasamutsa ubwamuna kupita kwa mkazi kudzera m'chiwalo choberekera chotchedwa aedeagus.Yaikazi imasunga ubwamuna kuti ubwere pambuyo pake.

4. Kumayambiriro kwa dzira: Kachikumbu kakang'ono kakakazi kamadzimadzi kamadziika pa zomera zomwe zili pansi pa madzi kapena kukaika mazira m'matumbo a zomera za pansi pa madzi powatsegula ndi dzira lawo.Mutha kuona ting'onoting'ono tachikasu pamtundu wa mbewu.

Nthawi zambiri, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timatha kuikira mazira angapo mpaka mazana angapo panthawi yoswana.Mazirawa ndi otalika komanso aakulu kukula (mpaka 0.2 mainchesi kapena 7 mm).

Kodi Vikumbu M'madzi Amadya Chiyani?
Mbiri ya Diving Beetles- Monsters in Shrimp and Fish Tank - kudya achule, nsomba ndi newtsTizilombo timeneti timadya nyama zomwe zimadya kwambiri zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zam'madzi monga:

tizilombo tating'ono,
mphutsi za tizilombo (monga dragonfly nymphs, kapena mphutsi za mphutsi),
mphutsi,
Nkhono,
tadpoles,
ma crustaceans ang'onoang'ono,
nsomba zazing'ono,
komanso ngakhale amphibians ang'onoang'ono (zauthenga, achule, ndi zina zotero).
Amadziwika kuti amawonetsa kuwononga zinthu, kudya zinthu zowola kapena zovunda.Pa nthawi ya kusowa kwa chakudya, adzawonetsanso khalidwe lodya anthu.Zikumbu zazikulu zimadya anthu ang'onoang'ono.

Zindikirani: Zoonadi, zakudya zomwe mbalame za Diving zimakonda zimasiyana malinga ndi mitundu ndi kukula kwake.Mu mitundu yonse ya zamoyo, amatha kudya nyama zambiri zokhudzana ndi kukula kwa thupi lawo.

Nyamazi zimadziwika chifukwa chodya nyama zambiri komanso zimatha kugwira nyama pamadzi komanso pansi pamadzi.Ndi alenje amwayi, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito maso awo anzeru komanso luso lapamwamba losambira kuti azitha kutsata ndikugwira nyama zomwe zimakonda.

Tizikumbu m'madzi ndi alenje achangu.Nthawi zambiri amawonetsa nkhanza zolusa pofunafuna ndi kutsata nyama yawo m'malo modikirira kuti iwadzere.
Zikumbuzi ndi zaluso kwambiri komanso zilombo zachangu m'malo am'madzi.

Kutha kusambira kwawo mwachangu ndikusintha kolowera kumawalola kuthamangitsa mwachangu ndikugwira nyama yawo mwatsatanetsatane.

Kodi Mphutsi za Diving Beetles Amadya Chiyani?
Mphutsi zakudumphira m'madzi zimadya nyama zolusa.Iwo amadziwikanso ndi khalidwe lawo laukali kwambiri.

Ngakhale ali ndi zakudya zambiri ndipo amatha kudya nyama zosiyanasiyana, amakonda mphutsi, miluwe, tadpoles, ndi nyama zina zomwe zilibe mafupa amphamvu.

Izi ndichifukwa cha kapangidwe kawo ka anatomical.Mphutsi za njuchi zamadzimadzi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsegula pakamwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngalande muzitsulo zawo zazikulu (zonga chikwakwa) kuti zibaye ma enzymes am'mimba mu nyama.Ma enzymes amapuwala mwachangu ndikupha wovulalayo.

Choncho, pakudya, mphutsi sizidya nyama yake koma zimayamwa timadziti.Nsagwada zake zooneka ngati chikwakwa zimakhala ngati zoyamwa, zokhala ndi polowera chakuya m’mphepete mwa mkati, chomwe chimalowetsa chakudya chamadzimadzicho m’matumbo.

Mosiyana ndi kholo lawo, mphutsi za Diving beetle ndi alenje omwe amangodalira chabe.Amakhala ndi masomphenya abwino kwambiri ndipo amatha kumva kuyenda m'madzi.
Mphutsi ya Diving beetle ikazindikira nyama, imathamangira komweko kuti ikagwire ndi mandibles ake akulu.

Kodi Ndi Bwino Kukhala ndi Tikumbuke Kapena Mphutsi Zawo mu Shrimp Kapena Matanki a Nsomba?
Tanki ya shrimp.Ayi, sikuli bwino kukhala ndi Diving kafadala kapena mphutsi zawo m'matangi a shrimp.Nthawi.

Zidzakhala zowopsa kwambiri komanso zovutitsa kwa shrimp.Mbalame zodumphira m'madzi zimadya nyama zachilengedwe ndipo zimawona shrimplets komanso shrimp zazikulu ngati nyama zomwe zingadye.

Zilombo zam'madzi izi zimakhala ndi nsagwada zolimba ndipo zimatha kung'amba shrimp mkati mwamasekondi mosavuta.Chifukwa chake, SIKUKANGWITSIDWA MWAMBIRI kuti musunge mbidzi za Diving ndi shrimp mu thanki yomweyo.

Tanki ya nsomba.Chikumbu ndi mphutsi zawo zimatha kupha nsomba zazikulu kwambiri.M'chilengedwe, mbozi zazikulu ndi mphutsi zimagwira ntchito yaikulu yochepetsera nsomba chifukwa chodyera nsomba zosiyanasiyana.

Choncho, kukhala nawo m’thanki ya nsomba kungakhalenso kopanda phindu.Pokhapokha ngati muli ndi nsomba zazikulu kwambiri ndipo simukuziswana.

Kodi Zikumbu Zosambira Zimalowa Bwanji M'madzi?
Zikumbu zodumphira zimatha kulowa m'madzi am'madzi m'njira ziwiri zazikulu:

Palibe chivindikiro: Zikumbu pamadzi zimatha kuwuluka bwino kwambiri.Chifukwa chake, ngati mazenera anu sanatsekedwe ndipo aquarium yanu sinaphimbidwe, amatha kungowulukira mu thanki kuchokera kumadera ozungulira.
Zomera Zam'madzi: Mazira akudumphira kafadala amatha kulowa mu Aquarium pa zomera zam'madzi.Mukawonjezera zomera zatsopano kapena zokongoletsera ku thanki yanu, yang'anani bwinobwino ndikuziika kwaokha ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Momwe Mungachotsere Iwo mu Aquarium?
Tsoka ilo, palibe njira zambiri zothandiza.Kambuku ndi mphutsi zawo ndi nyama zolimba kwambiri ndipo zimatha kupirira pafupifupi chithandizo chilichonse.

Kuchotsa Pamanja: Yang'anani bwino za aquarium ndikuchotsani kachilomboka pamanja pogwiritsa ntchito ukonde wa nsomba.
Misampha: Kudumphira pansi ngati nyama.Ikani mbale yosaya ndi gwero lowala pafupi ndi madzi usiku wonse.Zikumbu zimakokedwa ndi kuwala ndipo zimatha kusonkhana m'mbale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzichotsa.
Nsomba zolusa: Kubweretsa nsomba zolusa zomwe mwachibadwa zimadya tizilombo.Komabe, nyama za m’madzi zimenezi n’zotetezedwanso bwino kuno.
Zikachitika ngozi, Zikumbu za Diving zimatulutsa madzi oyera (onga mkaka) pansi pa mbale yawo.Madziwa ali ndi zinthu zowononga kwambiri.Chotsatira chake n’chakuti mitundu yambiri ya nsomba siipeza bwino ndipo imapewa.

Kodi Diving Vikumbu Kapena Mphutsi Zawo Ndi Zapoizoni?
Ayi, si zakupha.

Zikumbu zodumphira m'madzi sizimazunza anthu ndipo nthawi zambiri zimapewa kukhudzana pokhapokha ngati zikuwopsezedwa.Chifukwa chake, mukayesa kuwagwira, amatha kuyankha modzitchinjiriza poluma ngati kuchitapo kanthu.

Chifukwa cha mandibles awo amphamvu, omwe ali oyenerera kuboola ma exoskeletons a nyama, kuluma kwawo kumakhala kowawa kwambiri.Zitha kuyambitsa kutupa komweko kapena kuyabwa.

Pomaliza
Tizilombo tomwe timathawira m'madzi ndi tizilombo tomwe timakhala m'madzi, timathera moyo wawo wonse m'madzi.Iwo amazolowera moyo wa m’madzi ndipo ndi osambira bwino kwambiri.

Kambuku ndi mphutsi zawo zimabadwa ndi zilombo zolusa.Kusaka ndi ntchito yaikulu m'moyo wawo.

Chibadwa chawo cholusa, limodzi ndi mawonekedwe awo apadera a thupi, zimawathandiza kutsata ndikugwira nyama zosiyanasiyana monga shrimp, zokazinga, nsomba zazing'ono, ngakhalenso nkhono.